Scientific Management Associates

Statistical methods can be used to summarize or describe a collection of data; this is called descriptive statistics. Such statistics are useful in research, when communicating the results of experiments. In addition, patterns in the data may be modeled in a way that accounts for randomness and uncertainty in the observations, and are then used to draw inferences about the process or population being studied; this is called inferential statistics.

Inference is a vital element of scientific advance, since it provides a prediction (based in data) for where a theory logically leads. To further prove the guiding theory, these predictions are tested as part of the scientific method. If the inference holds true, then the descriptive statistics of the new data increase the soundness of that hypothesis. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (a.k.a., predictive statistics) together comprise applied statistics.

How are Statistics Applied to Science?

What is the best and proper use of statistics in science? Statistical procedures are used to determine if a hypothesis is supported or rejected by the experimental data. The appropriate statistical test properly applied can verify whether the data show any significant difference between a control group and an experimental (test) group in a given experiment or if such difference could be attributed to mere chance.